Annular nail
Pallet nail with annular (circular ring) threads rolled onto the shank
Banding Notch
See Strap Slot
Bin
Four-sided superstructure to be mounted on a pallet base, with or without a cover; also known as a box or container bin pallet
Block
Rectangular, square or cylindrical deck spacer, often identified by its location within the pallet as corner block, end block, edge block, inner block, center or middle blocks
Block Pallet
A type of pallet with blocks between the pallet decks or beneath the top deck
Butted Deckboard
An inner deckboard placed tightly against an adjacent lead deckboard during pallet assembly
Bottom Deck
Assembly of deckboards comprising the lower, load bearing surface of the pallet
Captive Pallet
A pallet intended for use within the confines of a single facility, system or ownership; not intended to be exchanged
Chamfered Deckboards
Deckboards with edges of one or two faces beveled, either along the full or specified length of board or between the stringers of blocks, allowing easier entry of pallet jack wheels.
Closed distribution system
Shipping system restricted to moving goods between specified plants and facilities
Collar
Collapsible wooden container or bin which transforms a pallet into a box
Cost-Pass-Through
A cost-share system where the partial cost of a pallet is passed-through from the purchaser to the receiver of the pallet
Cost-Per-Trip
Average cost of pallet use for a single one-way trip
Deck
One or more boards or panels comprising the top or bottom surface of the pallet
Deck Mat
Assembly of deckboards and stringerboards, forming the deck of a block pallet
IPPC
The International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) is amultilateral treaty to harmonize regulations governing those importsthat could impact the physical condition of forests and crops.
Deckboard
Element or component of a pallet deck, oriented perpendicular to the stringer or stringerboard
Deckboard Spacing
Distance between adjacent deckboards
Deckboard Span
Distance between deckboard supports (stringers, stringerboards or blocks
Deflection
The amount of deformation or bending in a pallet or pallet component under load
Double-Face Pallet
A pallet with top and bottom decks
Double-Wing Pallet
A pallet with top and bottom deckboards extending beyond the edges of the stringers or stringerboards
Drive Screw Nail
Helically (continuous spiral) threaded pallet nail
Economic Life
Output from PDS©program which identifies the number of trips the pallet will make, provided it is properly repaired, which maximizes a return on investment
Exchange Pallet
A pallet intended for use among a designated group of shippers and receivers where ownership of the pallet is transferred with the ownership of the unit load; common pool pallet
Expendable Pallet
A pallet intended for a series of handlings during a single trip from shipper to receiver; it is then disposed; seeShipping Pallet
Fastener
A mechanical device for joining pallet components such as nails, staples, bolts or screws
Fastener Shear Index
Relative measure of shear resistance of the pallet fastener
Flush Pallet
A pallet with deckboards flush with the stringers, stringer-boards or blocks along the sides of the pallet
Fork Entry
Opening between decks, beneath the top deck or beneath the stringer notch to admit forks
Four-Way Block Pallet
A pallet with openings at both pallet ends and along pallet sides sufficient to admit hand-pallet jacks; full four-way entry pallet
Free Span
The distance between supports in a warehouse rack
Hand (Wheel) Jack Opening
Space provided in the bottom deck to allow pallet jack wheels to bear on the floor
Handling
A single pick-up, movement and set-down of a loaded or empty pallet
Hardened-Steel Nail
Heat-treated and tempered steel pallet nail with a MIBANT angle between 8 and 28 degrees
Hardwood
Wood from broad-leaved species of trees (not necessarily hard or dense)
Helical Nail
Helically (continuous spiral) threaded pallet nail, see alsoDrive Screw Nail
ISPM 15
This section of the IPPC describes phytosanitary measures toreduce the risk of introduction and/or spread of quarantine pestsassociated with wood packaging material, made of coniferous and nonconiferousraw wood, in use in international trade. The pests ofparticular concern are the pinewood nematode (found in the US, Canada, Mexico and Japan where it is not a threat due to theexistence of natural predators) and the Asian Long-Horned Beetle(which is found in China and several other locations and is a threat toUS forests)
Inner Deckboard
Any deckboard located between the end deckboards
Joint
Intersection and connection of components, often identified by location within the pallet as the end joint, center joint and corner joint
Length
Refers to the stringer or stringerboard (in block pallets) length; also refers to the first dimension given to describe a pallet i.e., 48" x 40", where 48" is the pallet stringer/stringerboard length
Life To First Repair
Output from PDS©program which is equivalent to the number of trips the pallet will last before needing repair
Line Load
The weight of a unit load concentrated along a narrow area across the full length or width of the pallet
Load Bearing Surface
Actual area of material in contact with and supporting a unit load
MIBANT Angle
The bend angle in a fastener shank when subjected to a MIBANT test
MIBANT Test
(Morgan Impact Bend Angle Nail Tester)- Standard impact nail tester used in the pallet and lumber industry as an indication of impact bend resistance of nails or staples
Nail
Fastener made from endless wire by cutting a point and forming a head at the shank end opposite the point
NATIONAL WOODEN PALLET AND CONTAINER ASSOCIATION (NWPCA)
A national association with the goal of promoting the design, manufacture, distribution, recycling, and sale of pallets, containers, and reels
Non-Reversible Pallet
A pallet with bottom deckboard configuration different from top deck
Notch
Cutout in lower portion of the stringer to allow entry for the fork tine, usually 9" in length, 1 1/2" in depth
Notched Stringer
A stringer with two notches spaced for fork-tine entry, (partial four-way entry)
Opening Height
The vertical distance measured between decks, from the floor to the underside of the top deck, or from the floor to the top of the stringer notch
Overall Height
The vertical distance measured from the floor to the top side of the top deck
Overhang
The distance the deck extends from the outer edge of the stringer or stringerboard; wing; lip; distance the unit load extends beyond the deck
Pallet
A portable, horizontal, rigid platform used as a base for assembling, storing, stacking, handling and transporting goods as a unit load, often equipped with a superstructure
PALLET DESIGN SYSTEM©- (PDS©)
Reliability-based computer-aided design (CAD) program, for determining the safe load carrying capacity, performance, life and economy of wooden pallets
Pallet Dimensions
When specifying pallet size, the stringer or stringerboard (block pallet) length is always expressed first; for example, a 48" x 40" pallet has a 48" stringer or stringerboard and 40" deckboards
Pallet Jack
Hand-propelled wheeled platform, equipped with a lifting device for moving palletized unit loads
Pallet Life
The period during which the pallet remains useful, expressed in units of time or in the number of one-way trips
Panel Deck Pallet
Pallet constructed with composite or structural panel top deck
Partial Four-Way Stringer Pallet
A pallet with notched stringers
Post Pallet
A pallet fitted with posts or blocks between the decks or beneath the top deck; seeblock pallet
Racked Across Deckboards
Output from PDS©program describing the maximum load carrying capacity and deflection of a pallet where the rack frame supports the pallet only at the ends of the deckboards
Racked Across Stringers
Output from the PDS©program describing the maximum load carrying capacity and deflection of a pallet where the rack frame supports the pallet only at the ends of the stringers or stringer boards
Racked Across Stringers
Output from the PDS©program describing the maximum load carrying capacity and deflection of a pallet where the rack frame supports the pallet only at the ends of the stringers or stringer boards
Repair
To remake in order to use again
Recycling
A pallet, container or reel that has been used, discarded, salvaged, repaired and which passes through a cycle again
Rental Pallet
A pallet owned by a third party, different from the actual pallet user
Returnable/Reusable Pallet
A pallet designed to be used for more than one trip
Reversible Pallet
A pallet with identical top and bottom decks
Shipping Pallet
Pallet designed to be used for a single one-way trip from shipper to receiver; it is then disposed; seeExpendable Pallet
Shook
Cut-to-size pallet parts to be assembled into pallets
Shook Grade
The classification of the quality of pallet parts relative to performance characteristics based on size and distribution of defects, independent of wood species
Single-Wing Pallet
A pallet with the top deckboards extending beyond the edges of the stringers or stringer-boards with the bottom deckboards flush (if present)
Skid
A pallet having no bottom deck
Slave Pallet
Pallet, platform or single, thick panel used as a support base for a palletized load in rack-storage facilities or production systems
Soft Nail
Pallet nail with a MIBANT angle equal to or greater than 47 degrees
Softwood
Wood from coniferous or needle-bearing trees (not necessarily soft or low density)
Solid Deck Pallet
A pallet constructed with no spacing between deckboards
Span
The distance between stringer or block supports
Stevedore Pallet
A pallet designed for use on seaport shipping docks, normally of heavy-duty, double-wing construction
Stiff-Stock Steel Nail
Pallet nail made of medium-high carbon steel without heat treatment and tempering with MIBANT angle between 29 and 46 degrees
Strap Slot
Recess or cutout on the upper edge of the stringer or the bottom of the top deckboard to allow tie-down of a unit load to the pallet deck with strapping/banding, also called the banding notch
Strapping
Thin flat bands used to secure load to pallet
Stringer
Continuous, longitudinal, solid or notched beam-component of the pallet used to support deck components, often identified by location as the outside or center stringer
Stringerboard
In block pallets, continuous, solid board member extending for the full length of the pallet perpendicular to deckboard members and placed between deckboards and blocks
Take-It-Or-Leave-It Pallet
A pallet fitted with fixed cleats on the top deckboards to permit fork truck tines to pass beneath the unit load and remove it from the pallet
Top Cap
Panel to be placed on top of a unit load to allow for tight strapping without damaging the unit load
Top-Deck of the Pallet
The assembly of deckboards comprising the upper load-carrying surface of the pallet
Trips
Consists of four to six handlings of a pallet
Two-Way Entry Pallet
A pallet with un-notched solid stringers allowing entry only from the ends
Unit Load
Assembly of goods on a pallet for handling, moving, storing and stacking as a single entity
Warehouse Pallet
A double-face multiple trip returnable pallet intended for general warehouse use
Wing
Overhang of deckboard end from outside edge of stringer or stringer-board
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